基于格网的石漠化地区生态系统服务与经济空间耦合

[目的]分析石漠化地区生态系统服务价值与经济的空间耦合关系,为石漠化地区生态环境保护与社会经济协调发展提供依据。[方法]以贵州省盘州市为例,基于格网尺度,计算了研究区生态服务价值(ESV)与国内生产总值GDP,并利用耦合协调模型,对两者间的耦合协调发展程度进行定量评估。[结果]①盘州市ESV热点区主要分布在东北部的几个少数民族乡镇,冷点区主要分布在经济发展较快且城市化率较高的区域;②盘州市GDP在空间上呈现出局部高的特点,高值区主要集中在石桥镇、亦资街道、翰林街道等工业镇和政治、经济、文化中心;③盘州市ESV与GDP耦合协调度值较低,空间上存在明显的自相关性,耦合协调度较低的区域主要分布在盘州市东南部、北部以及中部;④盘州市ESV与GDP耦合协调度类型以严重失调衰退经济损益型为主,占区域总面积的79.95%。[结论]盘州市ESV与GDP在空间上存在一定矛盾,耦合协调度较低,兼顾生态环境保护与经济发展有助于提升协调度。     

MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway mediates alcohol-induced angiogenesis in breast cancer

AIM To investigate the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in ethanol-promoted breast cancer angiogenesis and the underlying mechanism. METH?ODS: A mouse model of transplanted breast tumor with moderate alcohol consumption was established. The correlations between the expression of MCP-1/CCR2 and the expression of angiogenesis markers [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] in tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, a 3D tumor-endothelial co-culture system was established to observe tumor angiogenesis and the role of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway in alcohol-mediated angiogenesis. The cell migration ability was detected to clarify whether MCP-1/CCR2 enhanced cell mobility to form new vessels. RESULTS MCP-1 and CCR2 were both highly expressed in the breast tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice consuming alcohol, and their expression levels were consistent with the angiogenic markers PECAM-1 and VEGF (P<0.05). The interaction between mouse breast cancer E0771 cells and endothelial cells was observed to promote angiogenesis in the 3D tumor-endothelial co-culture system with or without alcohol stimulation. MCP-1 promoted this kind of tumor angiogenesis, while CCR2 antagonist effectively inhibited the tumor angiogenesis and especially blocked alcohol-induced angiogenesis. Activation of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway enhanced the migration ability of endothelial cells. CONCLUSION The MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the angiogenesis of breast cancer stimulated by alcohol. The mechanism might be that MCP-1 improves the migration of endothelial cells and then promotes angiogenesis.     

椒参轮作缓解土壤酸化的效应

目的:比较太子参与辣椒轮作前后土壤pH值和酚酸类物质的变化,探讨椒参轮作对土壤酸化的影响.方法:将风干的土壤样品与去除CO2的超纯水按2:5的比例混合均匀,检测pH值;碱提酸沉后采用乙酸乙酯萃取法提取土壤样品中酚酸类物质,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定酚酸类物质指纹图谱.结果:太子参连作后,土壤pH值降低,酚酸类物质增加;与辣椒轮作后,土壤pH值相对提高,且酚酸类物质减少.结论:椒参轮作对太子参种植土壤酸化有一定的改善作用.     

添加矿粉对农业废弃物育苗基质化学性质的影响

秸秆和畜禽粪便等农业废弃物代替草炭生产的育苗基质因存在小分子有机酸、铵态氮含量高等问题而影响到种子发芽和幼苗的生长。为改善这类育苗基质对种子发芽和幼苗生长的不良影响,以杨凌某公司生产的基质(该基质以菌糠、锯末、畜禽粪便等为主要原料)为材料,通过添加一种矿粉进行培养和育苗试验,研究矿粉添加比例对基质化学性质和小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)发芽和生理指标的影响。结果表明:添加矿粉使基质的pH提高、NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N比值和丁酸含量减小;与对照(不添加矿粉)相比,在矿粉添加比例为7%的条件下,小白菜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别提高了35%、22.87%、34.6%;根际活力、叶绿素含量分别提高70.2%、32.1%,达到差异显著水平。     

有机肥等氮替代化肥对红壤团聚体及玉米产量和品质的影响

为研究有机肥等氮替代化肥对土壤结构、玉米产量和品质的影响,设置有机肥等氮替代化肥的10%（M10）、20%（M20）、30%（M30）、40%（M40）,以单施化肥（M0）和不施肥（CK）为对照6个施肥处理,测定玉米不同生育期的土壤团聚体变化状况。结果表明：随有机肥等氮部分替代化肥比例的增加,玉米各生育期土壤>0.25mm水稳性团聚体（R_0.25）、平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GWD）不断增加,团聚体破坏率（PAD）、分形维数（D）不断降低。与M0处理相比,M30和M40处理显著提高了玉米子粒产量,表现为M30>M40;M20、M30、M40处理较M0处理玉米子粒蛋白质含量显著增加了13.29%~25.03%,淀粉含量显著增加了39.84%~114.06%,可溶性糖含量显著增加了36.49%~54.05%;蛋白质含量表现为M30和M20处理显著大于M40处理,M30与M20处理间差异不显著;淀粉含量表现为M40>M30>M20,差异显著;可溶性糖含量表现为M40和M30处理显著大于M20处理,M30与M40处理间差异不显著。玉米子粒产量和品质与抽雄期、成熟期土壤团聚体R_0.25呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与PAD、D值呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。因此,玉米生产中,利用有机肥等氮替代化肥培肥土壤,需兼顾玉米产量和品质,30%为适宜的有机肥等氮替代化肥比例。     

Analysis and Assessment on Heavy Metal Contamination in Cotton Seeds of Hunan Province

[Objective] In order to guarantee the quality and safety of cotton products and to explore the feasibility of alternative planting, the contamination condition of the heavy metals in cotton seeds in Hunan province was investigated and evaluated. [Method] Fifty-six cotton seed samples, collected in 6 counties of Hunan province, were collected to determine 6 indicators including cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and inorganic arsenic contents. This was followed by pollution index calculation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. [Results] The range of comprehensive pollution indexes of Junshan district, Anxiang county, Nanxian county, Wangcheng and Dingcheng districts varied between 0.366 5–0.577 0, which belonged to a secure level. However, the single pollution indexes of Hengyang county are relatively high. The comprehensive pollution index of Hengyang county was 0.801 6, meaning a mild pollution level. [Conclusion] The pollution status of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and arsenic in Hunan cottonseed samples are generally acceptable. Cotton could be a substitute for rice on contaminated soil.     

60Co-γ辐射对大花紫薇叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为探究60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子对大花紫薇生长发育中光合效率的影响,以大花紫薇种子为试验材料,以不同60Co-γ射线辐射剂量(0、20、60、100、140、180 Gy)进行辐射处理,测量不同处理生长发育过程中叶绿素及光合指标的变化,研究其对紫薇光合系统的影响。结果表明:20、60 Gy处理较对照和其他处理叶绿素质量分数更高,更有利于叶片进行光合作用;60、100 Gy处理较对照和其他处理潜在光合速率和最大光合效率更好;各时期光合性能指数与综合性能指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,但随时间的增加整体呈现下降的趋势,60 Gy较其他处理性能指数高。由此得出,60 Gy辐射处理有利于大花紫薇光合色素的产生与积累,较好的增加电子传递效率,有利于光合系统的运转和能量的积累。     

采用混合生物地理学算法的番茄种植规划研究

为解决番茄酱产季原料供应不均衡问题,在构建番茄种植规划的数学模型基础上,提出采用生物地理学算法对番茄种植规划模型的求解。利用余弦迁移模型、干扰迁移算子和基于高斯分布的变异算子对BBO算法进行适当改进,并与差分进化算法的变异算子结合,以增强生物地理学算法的全局搜索性能。以新疆某番茄酱厂为例对番茄种植规划问题进行计算,结果表明:采用该算法获得的种植方案能实现番茄原料产量与番茄酱厂生产能力之间的平衡。仿真结果验证了番茄种植规划数学模型的合理性。在求解番茄种植规划问题上,与其他智能优化算法相比,该算法具有较好的收敛性。